Blood manganese levels among pregnant women and the associated factors in three counties of northern China / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the levels of blood manganese concentration in pregnant women in 1st and 2nd trimester and the associated factors in three counties of northern China.@*METHODS@#We carried out a cross-sectional investigation in three counties of northern China in 2010. Two hundred and seventy three pregnant women whose gestational age was less than 28 weeks were recruited, their demographic characteristics and information on exposure to indoor air pollution from coal combustion and dietary during one month before pregnancy till the date of investigation were collected with questionnaires by face-to-face interview, their fasting venous whole blood samples were collected with vacuum blood collection tube containing heparin lithium at the Maternal and Child Health Hospital in the three counties. Their blood manganese concentrations were measured with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Nonparametric tests were used to compare the concentrations among the groups and multivariate unconditional Logistic regression model was used to adjust the confounding factors.@*RESULTS@#The geometric mean of blood manganese of the women was 16.78 (95%CI: 16.14-17.45) μg/L, and the median (interquartile range) was 16.59 (13.68-20.44) μg/L. According to the reference range of general healthy adult female's manganese concentration in the whole blood 3.39-20.67 μg/L, the proportion of manganese concentration lower than normal, normal, higher than normal were 0%, 76.6% and 23.4%, respectively. Medians of blood manganese concentrations among the women in Yushe, Dai and Xianghe were 17.51 (13.96-22.04), 16.92 (13.78-21.45) and 15.43 (12.25-17.56) μg/L, respectively (P<0.05), and multivariate analysis found that the risk of higher than normal in Yushe County was 6.15 (95%CI: 1.21-31.35) times the risk in Xianghe county. Blood manganese concentrations were higher in women who were farmers, had lower income per month, and consumed more vinegar and less peppers, pork, beef and mutton during the month before investigation (all P<0.05), the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) between these factors and high blood manganese concentration were not statistically significant No statistical associations were found between blood manganese levels and indoor air pollution from coal combustion for both of crude odds ratrio (COR) and AOR (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The blood manganese concentration among pregnant women in the three counties is similar to the women in some other studies abroad and quite different from the findings of several domestic researches. The risk of blood manganese concentration higher than normal in Yushe county was higher than Xianghe county. The relationships between high manganese concentration and exposure to indoor air pollution from coal combustion or dietary need further research in the future.

Association of Parkinson's disease with altered serum levels of lead and transition metals among South Indian subjects.

Several epidemiologic studies have suggested an association between the Parkinson’s disease (PD) and exposure to heavy metals, such as lead, iron, copper, manganese, etc. A growing body of evidence suggests that heavy metals stimulate free radical formation in the brain and can lead to neurodegeneration. In the present study, we investigated whether such association exists in PD cases from rural and urban areas in our study population. The plasma levels of copper, iron, manganese and lead in PD cases (n = 150) and controls (n = 170) were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and correlated with the oxidative stress markers like malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl and total glutathione. Results indicated significant increase in the levels of copper (17.73 ± 4.48 vs. 13.0 ± 3.22 ng/ml) and iron (554.4 ± 123.8 vs. 421.7 ± 126.1 ng/ml) in PD cases compared to controls, whereas no significant differences in the levels of manganese and lead were observed. Further, the data based on urban or rural residence showed that plasma copper, iron, manganese levels were comparatively higher in rural subjects, whereas plasma lead levels were significantly higher in urban subjects. Increased plasma iron showed positive correlation with marker of lipid peroxidation (MDA), suggesting that increased iron levels induced oxidative stress in PD. These results substantiated the earlier observations about the role of environmental exposure and metal-induced oxidative stress in the etiology of PD.

Avaliação da exposição ambiental ao manganês na população residenteno entorno de um estaleiro no município de Angra dos Reis, RJ / Assessment of environmental exposure to manganese in the resident population in the vicinity of a site in the municipality of Angra dos Reis, RJ

O manganês é um componente essencial no processo de soldagem, porconferir dureza e resistência, assim como na produção do aço, onde é usadocomo agente dessulfurante e redutor. Apesar de ser um elemento essencial ao homem, atuando na formação dos ossos e tecidos, função reprodutiva e metabolismo de carboidratos e lipídios, a exposição crônica ao Mn afeta, principalmente, o sistema nervoso central. Uma vez que solda e aço são essenciais para a construção e reparo de navios, essa indústria torna-se uma importante fonte de exposição ao referido metal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a exposição ao manganês na população residente no entorno de um estaleiro em Angra dos Reis-RJ, que foi comparada a um grupo de moradores do município da Serra-ES. A coleta de dados foi realizada através da aplicação de um questionário padronizado fundamentado para o conhecimento das variáveis sócio-econômicas e fatores de risco para a exposição ao metal, resultando em universo amostral de 98 sujeitos e amostras de ar do local exposto. A técnica analítica utilizada para a determinação do manganês nosfluidos biológicos e nos filtros de ar foi a espectrometria de absorção atômica eletrotérmica. (...)

Trace mineral status related to levels of glycated hemoglobin of type 2 diabetic subjects in Jeddah. Saudi Arabia

Diabetes mellitus [DM] is of major and increasing global public health importance. People with diabetes are at increased risk of premature disability and death associated with vascular, renal, retinal, and neuropathic complications. Direct association of trace elements in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes has been observed in many research studies. An alteration in the metabolism of these minerals has been demon- strated in diabetes. The aim of the present study was to investigate zinc [Zn], copper [Cu], chromium [Cr], manganese [Mn] and magnesium [Mg] levels in the serum of patients with type 2 diabetes and age-matched healthy subjects and also to assess the association between these elements and glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c]. The study population consisted of 55 type 2 diabetic patients and 55 age-matched non-diabetic healthy subjects within the age range of 45-65 years. In this study, we found significantly higher Cu levels [P < 0.001], lower Zn levels [P < 0.05], and also lower Cr, Mn, Mg levels [P < 0.05] in patients with DM in comparison with healthy subjects. Statistical analysis showed a positive correlation between serum levels of Cu and Zn in the group of healthy subjects [r = 0.97, P < 0.0001]. In contrast, we found a negative correlation between these metals [r = -0.59, P < 0.0001] in patients with DM. We also found significant higher levels of HbA1c [P< 0.001] in the DM group than in the healthy group. Positive correlations between levels of HbA1c and Cu [r= 0.71, P < 0.001] as well as Cr [r = 0.54, P < 0.0001] and negative correlations between levels of HbA1c and Zn [r = -0.65, P < 0.001] and also Mg [r = -.52, P < 0.001] in the DM group were obtained. Patients with DM had altered metabolism of Zn, Cu, Cr, Mn, and Mg, and this may be related to increased values of glycated hemoglobin. We concluded that imbalance in the levels of studied metals may play an important role in the pathogenesis of DM

relationship between serum lipid profile and selected trace elements for adult men in Mosul city

To evaluate the correlations of the serum concentrations of copper, zinc, and manganese with lipid profile parameters of adult men in Mosul City, Iraq. The study included 51 apparently healthy adult men as a control group aged 34-62 years [group 1], and 31 hyperlipidemic patients aged 37-60 years [group 2]. Trace elements copper, zinc and manganese were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. Concentrations of total cholesterol, triglyceride and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were determined using enzymatic method. Indirect serum concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were calculated via the Friedewald formula. Data were evaluated as mean and standard deviation by analysis of variance [ANOVA] and t-test. The results indicated that there is a significant lower level of serum zinc in hyperlipidemic patients compared with the control group, while copper and manganese showed no significant differences between the two groups. A significant negative correlation was found between serum zinc and total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride and low/highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol ratio; while a significant positive correlation was found between serum zinc and high density lipoprotein cholesterol. In addition, a significant positive correlation between copper and triglyceride existed in the patient group, while the control group showed no such correlation. Hyperlipidemia may possibly be related to a decrease in the level of serum zinc in hyperlipidemic adult men. The data also supports the concept that zinc supplementation might be useful in improving metabolic complications in subjects with hyperlipidemia

Evaluation of some micronutrients, antioxidant biomarkers and total antioxidant capacity in human giardiasis

Giardia lamblia, a common parasite of the human small bowel, is responsible for diarrhea, nutritional deficiencies and production of free radicals. Micronutrients regulate many physiological functions and participate in antioxidant defense. Changes in their serum levels occur in several gastrointestinal disorders. The present study aimed to investigate the homeostasis of some micronutrients and antioxidant defense in human giardiasis. The study was designed to compare serum levels of some micronutrients and antioxidant status in 30 patients with symptomatic giardiasis and 30 age- and sex-matched controls. Giardia trophozoites and/or cysts were detected in the stool samples of patients using saline and iodine wet mount preparations and formol ether technique. Levels of magnesium, iron, manganese, copper and chromium were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Vitamin E level was determined as well as total antioxidant capacity [TAC] and serum levels of the antioxidant biomarkers; albumin, total bilirubin and uric acid were evaluated. Giardia-infected patients displayed significantly lower levels of magnesium, iron, manganese, chromium and vitamin E and higher levels of copper and uric acid compared to controls. TAC, albumin and bilirubin in Giardia-infected patients were not significantly different from the controls. The pathophysiological changes in giardiasis alter the homeostasis of some micronutrients. Uric acid constitutes an important antioxidant defense in human giardiasis that may compensate for the deficiency of some antioxidant micronutrients. Prevention and treatment of giardiasis may have a positive impact on the micronutrient status and on the general health of the population

Avaliação da exposição a metais numa oficina de recuperação de armamento de uma organização militar / Exposure assessment to metals in an armament repair shop of a military organization

O objetivo deste estudo foi a avaliação da exposição ocupacional ao chumbo e manganês dos trabalhadores de uma oficina de recuperação de armamento de uma organização militar. O ar do ambiente de trabalho foi avaliado no monitoramento ambiental e os indicadores biológicos de dose interna, para chumbo e manganês, em sangue e na urina, foram utilizados no monitoramento biológico. A concentração de manganês e chumbo nos filtros e fluidos biológicos foi determinada por espectrometria de absorção atômica eletrotérmica. Os resultados do monitoramento ambiental indicaram níveis de Pb e Mn acima do TLV-TWA durante o processo de pintura (313,33 μg m-3) e solda (951 μg m-3). Os indicadores biológicos revelaram que cinco dos nove trabalhadores apresentam níveis de Pb-S que sugerem exposição ambiental ao chumbo (valores entre 5 e 10 μg dL-1). Pode-se concluir que existe uma pequena exposição ocupacional ao chumbo e ao manganês na oficina de tratamento superficial. Tal exposição é influenciada pelas condições meteorológicas e pela demanda variável de trabalho.

The aim of this study was the occupational exposure assessment to lead and manganese of workers in an armament repair shop of a military organization. The air of the working environment was assessed in the environmental monitoring while the internal dose biological indicators for lead and manganese, in blood and urine, were used in biological monitoring. Metals concentration in filters and biological fluids were determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. The results of the environmental monitoring showed lead and manganese levels above the TLV-TWA during the process of painting (313.33 g m-3) and solder (951 μg m-3). The biological indicators revealed that five of the nine employees presented Pb-S levels that suggested an environmental exposure to lead (values between 5 and 10 μg dL-1). It can be concluded that there is a small occupational exposure to lead and manganese in the superficial treatment repair shop. This exposure is influenced by weather conditions and the variable demand of work.

Serum trace elements in patients with gestational diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia and is closely related to trace elements. Quite a few pregnant women suffer from impaired glucose tolerance [IGT] or gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM. Investigation of the changes of trace elements contents in the serum of the pregnant women with GDM is significant in the etiological research and cure of the diseases. The study carried out in Al Kadhmiya Teaching Hospital in Baghdad from January 2004 to December 2004 on twenty pregnant women whom their pregnancies were complicated by gestational diabetes. Levels of trace elements such as selenium [Se], copper [Cu], iron [Fe], zinc [Zn], chromium [Cr], magnesium [Mg] and manganese [Mn] were measured in their blood serum by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer and compared with 20 healthy pregnant women. Maternal serum levels of selenium and manganese were significantly decreased in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Zinc and chromium levels were not significantly decreased, while magnesium level was increased significantly in women with gestational diabetes, copper and iron levels are not changed. Trace elements are essential materials for human body, and play a role in pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes. Dietary supplements of certain trace elements may decrease occurrence of gestational diabetes and its complications to the mother and her fetus

Trace elements and flapping tremors in patients with liver cirrhosis. Is there a relationship?

To investigate the possible correlation between hepatic flapping tremors and serum manganese Mn, iron Fe, zinc Zn, and copper Cu. This case control study was carried out in Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt from June 2006 to June 2007. It included 100 patients with liver cirrhosis, 78 had flapping tremor, and 22 had not, and 60 healthy controls. All patients were subjected to assessment of serum Mn, total Fe, total iron binding capacity TIBC, Zn, and Cu. Assessment of hepatic encephalopathy was carried out using a battery of cognitive function tests. All patients had electroencephalography and MRI of the brain.Compared to healthy controls, patients showed increase in Mn p<0.0001, Cu p<0.05 and decrease in TIBC p<0.000, Zn p<0.05. Eighty-two percent of patients had minimal hepatic encephalopathy mHE. In 85%, MRI-brain showed bilateral hyperintense substantia nigra and globus pallidus on T1-weighted images. A significant positive correlation was present between tremors and severity of liver dysfunction, mHE and serum Cu, and negative correlation with total Fe, TIBC, and Zn. Altered homeostasis of Mn and other minerals could be responsible for the pathophysiology of cognitive deficits associated with liver cirrhosis, but not with flapping tremors. The exact pathogenic role and possibilities for therapeutic implications need further study

Hepatic dysfunction is a preliminary determinant for manganese overload

Similarities in clinical picture between manganese toxicity and chronic hepatic encephalopathy suggest that this metal may have a role in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatic encephalopathy. As, dietary manganese is normally cleared by liver, we hypothesized that hepatic dysfunction could lead to manganese overload with its abnormal deposition in brain tissues that account for magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] signal hyperintenisity seen in these patients. To examine the phenomenon of manganese overload in an experimental model of cirrhotic rats and to determine the importance of a normal liver function as a natural barrier agairst the development of manganese overload with its hazardous neuropsychatric sequels in chronic hepatic disease We induced liver cirrhosis in a group of rats to examine the phenomenon of manganese overload in experimental models of cirrhotic rats. We made use also of a healthy group of rats that was fed a manganese enriched food for 4 weeks. The !eve of manganese in blood and brain tissues was assayed by atomic absorption spectrometry. There was a significant increase in both blood and brain manganese level in cirrhotic rats when compared to normal control group. The blood and brain level of manganese did not change significantly in healthy rats that fed high manganese enriched food when compared to control rats. These findings support the hypothesis that normal liver function is of utmost importance as a barrier against the development of manganese overload. Chronic hepatobiliary dysfunction might lead to manganese overload. Further studies in cirrhotic rats could be useful because the use of chelating agent and! or treatment of dopaminergic deficit could prove to be a new therapeutic option to prevent or reverse this neuropsychatric syndrome in chronic liver disease

Comparison of essential trace elements in blood of patients receiving Ramathibodi Standard Parenteral Nutrition with Ramatrace or a commercial formular.

OBJECTIVE: Commercially intravenous trace element product is very expensive compared to Ramatrace. Therefore, the present research was designed to compare the levels of zinc, copper chromium and manganese in the blood of patients receiving Ramathibodi Standard Parenteral Nutrition (STD) containing the Ramatrace or the commercial product. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Two groups of patients receiving STD were recruited. Group 1 (19 males and 11 females) received Ramatrace and Group 2 (19 males and 11 females) received a commercial product. Blood samples on day 0, day 3 and day 10 were measured for zinc, copper chromium and manganese levels by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (model 3100, Perkin Elmer). RESULTS: The present results showed that levels of zinc, copper, chromium and manganese were not significantly different between the two groups. On day 0, day 3 and day 10, the levels of zinc, copper and manganese in the blood of both groups were significantly increased (p < 0.05). Blood chromium levels of Group 1 were significantly increased from day 0 (0.14 +/- 0.02 microg/dL) to day 3 (0.23 +/- 0.02 microg/dL) but there was no significant difference between day 3 and day 10. In Group 2, the blood levels of chromium from day 0 to day 10 were significantly increased. CONCLUSION: In patients receiving STD, Ramatrace could improve the levels of zinc, copper, chromium and manganese as well as the commercial product. This may be one way to reduce the cost of treatment.

Microwave adverse exposure changes of blood and brain levels of some elements in rats

In this work, four groups of adult male albino rats were used; the first as control, the second was exposed to microwave radiation 11/2 hr/day for seven consecutive days at a dose of 15 mW/cm2 and frequency 10.525 CHz. The third was exposed like the second but for 24 consecutive days, while the fourth was treated as the third and then left for two weeks as a rest period. Then animals were sacrificed and the blood and brain levels of some major and trace elements [calcium. iron, manganese, copper, nickel, zinc, selenium and molybdenum] were estimated by the Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence technique [EDXF]; an easy, rapid, multi-elemental and need low weight of samples. Calcium, iron and manganese showed a significant increase in the exposed groups, while zinc, copper and molybdenum showed a significant decrease in both blood and brain when compared to control. Nickel of blood exposed groups showed a significant drop in the acute and chronic exposure groups and restored its normal figure in the chronic exposure then rest group, but it gave no readings in the brain sample for all groups. As for selenium it showed a significant drop in both acute and chronic exposure groups and a significant rise in the chronic then rest group in the blood; but in brain it gave no readings for the control and chronic exposure groups and a significant rise in the other two. These changes were explained by the microwave variant effects on ion fluxes via the effect on the ion channel properties of cell membrane, interaction between the cellular membrane molecules containing these ions, voltage changes across the cell membrane. etc

study of the possible hazards of acute and chronic exposure to microwaves on hepatorenal function and some blood trace elements in albino rats

Microwave exposure possess some degree of health hazards, the objective of the present study was the investigation of the possible effects of acute and chronic exposure to radiation on some liver, kidney, tissue antioxidants enzymes as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidases, glutathione and toxic free radical lipid peroxide that results from stress oxidative tissues damage as well as the effect of microwaves on some trace elements that acts as metalloenzyme as zinc, selenium, copper and manganese. The result of the present study showed that exposure to microwaves [acute and chronic] produced significant reduction of antioxidant enzymes as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione content. It also produced significant increase in toxic free radical malondialdehyde. These changes are more manifested with acute exposure [7 days]. The parameters of this study were improved with concomitant administration of DDB [well known antioxidant and tissue protective]. Also, the results showed that there was significant impairment of liver and kidney parameters with acute exposure and still there were changes in chronic which were insignificant. The parameters of liver and kidney were improved by the administration of DDB concomitantly

Trace elements in patients with acute cerebrovascular diseases

Free radical oxidation stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases including stroke. Since trace elements act as cofactors for a variety of antioxidant enzymes, we decided to study the status of Copper. Zinc and Manganese in patients with acute cerebrovascular accidents. 45 patients [30 with cerebral infarction [CL] and 15 with cerebral haemorrhage [CH] and 44 control [C] were included in the study. Serum trace elements Cu. Zn and Mn were estimated using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Routine liver and kidney function tests, pH, serum bicarbonate and random blood glucose were estimated for both patients and control CT scans were done for all patients. Patients with Cl and CH had significantly lower serum Cu, Zn and Mn than the control [P < 0.0001]. Patients with Cl tended to have higher serum Cu an Zn levels than those with CH, but the differences did not reach statistical significance [P > 0.05]. Serum Manganese concentrations were below detection Limit in either Cl or CH while in the control they ranged from 0.04-0.2 Ug/mI. Strong positive correlations were found between serum Cu and prothombin activity [r= 0.38. P < 0.009] and serum Zn and creatinine levels [r = 0.44, P < 0.002] in the whole cases with acute cerebrovascular accidents versus control. Trace elements involved in the antioxidant defense system are reduced in patients with acute cerebrovascular accidents. Replenishment of the deficient elements may help reduce the size of infarction and accordingly the functional disability in patients with strokes

Metallic ion concentration during menstrual cycle in normally menstruating women.

Plasma concentration of metallic ions levels during menstrual cycle of twenty normally menstruating women were observed in four phases i.e. menses, follicular, ovulatory and luteal. The concentration of magnesium, zinc, selenium and manganese was highest during menses and lowest at ovulatory phase. There was rise in ionic levels of magnesium and selenium, while fall in zinc and manganese during luteal phase. Findings demonstrate changes in metallic ions (Magnesium, zinc, selenium and manganese) level in relation to hormonal status during menstrual cycle in women.

Blood zinc, copper and manganese levels healthy adolescents in Islamabad

Blood zinc, copper and, manganese levels were studied in 170 healthy school children, aged 13 to 19 years, belonging to Chakshahzad area of Islamabad. The analyses were made by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer Shimadizu Model AA 670. The mean blood zinc level was 818 micro g/dl in boys, and 608 micro g/dl in girls. For copper, the mean blood level in boys was 89.8 micro g/dl in girls 81.9 micro g/dl. The mean blood managanese level in boys was 2.23 micro g/dl in girls 1.09 micro g/dl. The mean levels of zinc and manganese were significantly higher [P <0.001] in boys than in girls. No significant difference was found in the mean copper level between the two sexes. No significant correlation was found between any of the pair of trace elements studied

Serum manganese in patients with hepatic encephalopathy

50 patients with chronic liver disease were studied in 3 groups: Group A [10 patients without liver cell failure], group B [10 patients with liver cell failure but without encephalopathy], and group C [30 patients with hepatocellular failure and encephalopathy]. 10 normal persons were used as controls. Serum Mn and ammonia concentrations were determined in all subjects. Serum Mn in cirrhotics without hepatocellular failure was significantly lower compared with group B [P <0.05], but it was not significantly different from that in control group. Manganese level was found to be directly correlated to the severity of hepatic encephalopathy. Serum ammonia was found to be higher in patients with encephalopathy than the other groups, however, it didn't correlate significantly with the degree of encephalopathy

Impact of nutrition counselling and supplements on the mineral nutriture of rural pregnant women and their neonates.

Sixty six young women from low and lower middle income groups selected from 8 villages of Ludhiana district in the first trimester of pregnancy were divided equally into Experimental (E) and Control (C) Groups, out of which only 60 subjects reached to the term. Folifer and calcium tablets were supplied to E group from second trimester till delivery along with regular medical supervision and nutrition education about additional nutrient needs. Intake of all the nutrients were less than the Recommended Dietary Allowances in the E and C groups during the third trimester. However, the requirement of iron, calcium, folic acid, vitamin B12, Vitamin D and ascorbic acid were met in group E due to supplementation. The Fe, Ca and Cu levels improved significantly during the third trimester in group E. The cord serum levels of Fe, Ca and Cu were also significantly higher in Group E. The relationships between maternal and cord blood levels of Fe, Ca and Cu were also significantly higher in Group E. The relationships between maternal and cord blood levels of Fe, Ca, Cu and Zn were significant, the co-efficients of correlation being 0.67, 0.92, 0.97 and 0.43, respectively. Serum Mn had an insignificant correlation with other minerals. The results indicated that 86.7, 94.7 and 44.8% variation (r2) in cord serum Ca, Cu and Fe levels was determined by the corresponding maternal serum levels. It is concluded that regular medical supervision, supplementation and nutrition education significantly improved the nutriture of the pregnant women and their neonates.